Categorized as Note: Note Careless Conflicts: Medical Marijuana Implications for Employer Liability in the Wake of Vialpando v. Ben’s Automotive Services George Fitting Note Looks Can Kill: The Dark Side of Indoor Tanning and What States Need to do to Help Protect Young Adults from This Deadly “Glow” Courtney M. Brokloff Note “A Fair Day’s Pay for a Fair Day’s Work”: Why Congress Should Amend the Fair Labor Standards Act to Include an Actual Time Test for Retroactive Damages Leslie E. Barron Note A Spoonful of Free Speech Helps the Medicine Go Down: Off-Label Speech & the First Amendment Luke Dawson Note Autism, Burlington, and Change: Why It Is Time for a New Approach to the IDEA’s Stay-Put Provision Michael A. Brey Note Nexus Rethought: Toward a Rational Factual Standard for Federal Criminal Forfeitures Benjamin Gillig Note Kafkaesque Dangers: IPERIA, Do Not Pay, and the Government’s New Fight Against Improper Payments Bryan Reece Clark Note The Need for Transparency in the Age of Predictive Sentencing Algorithms Alyssa M. Carlson Note Successful Agriculture and Clean Water?: A Workable Path Forward for Regulating Drainage Districts as Point Sources Under the Clean Water Act Eric M. Dirth Note Clash of Titans: Groupon v. The Model Rules of Professional Conduct Michael J. Conroy Note The Times: Are They a-Changin’? Saudi Law Finally Addresses Domestic Violence with Its Regulation on Protection from Abuse Tom Throneburg Butler Note Whaling on Walling: A Uniform Approach to Determining Whether Interns Are “Employees” Under the Fair Labor Standards Act Cody Elyse Brookhouser Note Legislating for a New Age in Medicine: Defining the Telemedicine Standard of Care to Improve Healthcare in IowaNew Article Bradley J. Kaspar Note Improving Access to Commercial Websites Under the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act Courtney L. Burks Note Legislative Plumbing: Amending Iowa’s Municipal Utility Board Statute to Include a For-Cause Removal Requirement for Utility Board Trustees Joshua D. Feil Note Preventing a Boom from Turning Bust: Regulators Should Turn Their Attention to Starter Interrupt Devices Before the Subprime Auto Lending Bubble Bursts Kwesi D. Atta-Krah Note Straddling the Federal–State Divide: Federal Court Review of Interstate Agency Actions Daniel E. Andersen Note Wealth and Knowledge: Strengthening the Economy by Expanding the Qualified Purchaser "Sophisticated" Standard Under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Eveyln S. Anderson Note Protecting the Family Jewells: The Case for Strict Enforcement of Taxpayer 23-Day Notice for IRS Administrative Summonses Jeremy E. Carroll Note “It Will Be Good for You,” They Said: Ensuring Internships Actually Benefit the Intern and Why It Matters for FLSA and Title VII Claims Elizabeth Heffernan Note When the Virtual and Real Worlds Collide: Beginning to Address the Clash Between Real Property Rights and Augmented Reality Location-Based Technologies Through a Federal Do-Not-Locate Registry William T. McClure Note Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act: User Experience and User Frustration Emily M. Asp Note The Drug Quality and Security Act: Providing Quality, but Not Security, for Patients Logan J. Eliasen Note Putting the Hanging Paragraph Out to Pasture: Reconciling the Mandates of Bankruptcy and Tax Law Nicholas J. Huffmon Note Establishing Principled Interpretation Standards in Iowa’s Cruel and Unusual Punishment Jurisprudence Elisabeth A. Archer Note Scrutiny Mutiny: Why the Iowa Supreme Court Should Reject Employment Division v. Smith and Adopt a Strict Scrutiny Standard for Free-Exercise Claims Arising Under the Iowa Constitution Michael D. Currie Note No Child Left Alone: Why Iowa Should Ban Juvenile Solitary Confinement Lisa C. Castillo Note An Iowa Law in Need of Imminent Change: Redefining the Temporal Proximity of Force to Account for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Who Kill in Non-Confrontational Self-Defense Ashley D. Brosius Note Look to the States: How the State-Specific Interpretation Clarifies BAPCPA’s § 522 Ambiguity and Protects State Exemption Laws Kay E. Oskvig Note The SEC on a Forum Shopping Spree: SEC Enforcement Power and Control Person Liability After Dodd–Frank Brianna L. Gates Note “Show Me Your Budget and I Will Tell You What You Value”: Why States Should Require School Districts to Publicize Their Budgets Matthew B. Hardin Note Japan’s “Reinterpretation” of Article 9: A Pyrrhic Victory for American Foreign Policy? Jeffrey P. Richter Note The Forgotten Party in O’Bannon v. National Collegiate Athletic Association: How Non-Revenue Sports Operate in a Changing Intercollegiate Marketplace Dillon J. Besser Note Fifteen Percent or Less: A Title VII Analysis of Racial Discrimination in Restaurant Tipping Jacob Kline Note Reconsidering Parodies in the Eighth Circuit Judy K. He Note Execution by . . . Heroin?: Why States Should Challenge the FDA’s Ban on the Importation of Sodium Thiopental Matthew C. Bergs Note Extreme Couponing: Reforming the Method of Calculating Attorneys’ Fees in Class Action Coupon Settlements Neil Connolly Note A Forgotten Past Creates a Fractured Present: Why Courts Should Utilize Historical Context when Interpreting Ambiguous Provisions of the 1977 Fair Debt Collection Practices Act Logan Kraus Note A New Deference Standard: The Rebuttable Presumption of Validity for USPTO Trademark Likelihood-of-Confusion Determinations Lauren A. Taylor Note Not “All Natural”: Modernizing Privity to Allow Breach of Contract Claims for Mislabeled Food Products Cecelia MacDonald Note Meet Me in the Middle: The Search for the Appropriate Standard of Review for the APA’s Good Cause Exception Kelli M. Golinghorst Note An Epistemological Argument Against Federal Rule of Evidence 403’s Cumulative Evidence Clause Nathan Kooker Note Ridesharing in the Sharing Economy: Should Regulators Impose Über Regulations on Uber? Hannah Posen Note “Death by a Thousand Straws”: Why and How the Great Lakes Council Should Define “Reasonable Water Supply Alternative” Within the Great Lakes Compact Amanda K. Beggs Note Does Iowa’s Health Care External Review Process Replace Common-Law Rights? Wade S. Hauser Note Identifying Employers’ “Proxies” in Sexual-Harassment Litigation Curtis J. Bankers Note From Off the Bench: The Potential Role of the U.S. Department of Education in Reforming Due Process in the NCAA Joshua J. Despain Note Please Pass the Dictionary: Defining De Minimis Physical Injury Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act § 1997e(e) Elizabeth A. Etchells Note The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act Takes the Bite Out of Sarbanes–Oxley: Adding Corporate Governance to the Discussion Stacie K. Townsend Note “Won’t You Be My Neighbor?” Living with Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations Emily A. Kolbe Note Just Take My Word for It: Creating a Workable Test to Ensure Reliability in Overseas Document Verification Reports for Asylum Proceedings Emily Michele Papp Note Is Tax Increment Financing Racist? Chicago’s Racially Disparate TIF Spending Jared F. Knight Note Drafting Effective Delaware Forum-Selection Clauses in the Shadow of Enforcement Uncertainty John C. Jorgenson Note Rape-Shield Laws and Third-Party Defendants: Where Iowa’s Laws Fall Short in Protecting Victims Jessica M. Donels Note The Importance of Specialist Medical Consultants in the SSA Disability Determination Process: Analysis and Proposals Clare J. Horan Note Plain Error by Another Name: Are Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims a Suitable Alternative to Plain Error Review in Iowa? Jon M. Woodruff Note Foregoing the Cleaver for the Scalpel: How New York Can Add Some Nuance to Its Short-Term Rental Laws J.T. Minor Note Restoring Equilibrium: Why Twombly and Iqbal Should Apply to All Pleadings in Patent Cases Sarah E. Jack Note The National Historic Preservation Act: An Inadequate Attempt to Protect the Cultural and Religious Sites of Native Nations Amanda M. Marincic Note Pulling over the United States Sentencing Guidelines: Defining “Arrest” Under Section 4A1.2(a)(2) John A. Richter Note Devising a Standard for Section 3: Post-Shelby County Voting Rights Litigation Roseann R. Romano Note Time for a Fresh Look at the “Undue Hardship” Bankruptcy Standard for Student Debtors G. Michael Bedinger VI Note From the Police Precinct to Your Neighbor’s Coffee Table: Limiting Public Dissemination of Mug Shots During an Ongoing Criminal Proceeding Under the Freedom of Information Act Whitney T. Martin Note The Need for “Knowing”: Why the Iowa Supreme Court Should Reject Schneckloth v. Bustamonte Alexandra L. Pratt Note Don’t Die in Iowa: Restoring Iowans’ Right to Direct Final Disposition of Their Bodily Remains Timothy J. Farmer Note Unapproved Genetically Modified Corn: It’s What’s for Dinner Kyndra A. Lundquist Note Under the Guise of Reform: How Marijuana Possession Is Exposing the Flaws in the Criminal Justice System’s Guarantee of a Right to a Jury Trial Taylor E. Whitten Note An Analysis of Facebook “Likes” and Other Nonverbal Internet Communication Under the Federal Rules of Evidence Molly D. McPartland Note Iowa’s State RICO Statute: Wreaking Havoc on Iowa’s Criminal Justice System Anna T. Stoeffler Note The Case for Deferring to the EEOC’s Interpretations in Macy and Foxx to Classify LGBT Discrimination as Sex Discrimination Under Title VII Tessa M. Register Note Pre-Submission Risk Adjustment Audits: Preventing Medicare Advantage Plans from Draining Medicare Funds Dry Casie C. Rodenberger Note Form Over Function: Remedying VARA’s Exclusion of Visual Art with Functional Qualities Brandon J. Pakkebier Note Abuse of Discretion and the Sliding Scale of Deference: Restoring the Balance of Power Between Circuit Courts and District Courts for Rule 23 Class Certification Decisions in Oil and Gas Royalty Litigation David C. Miller Note The Old Man and Rule 8.4(c): A Proposal for the Adoption of Maryland’s Misappropriation Rule in Iowa Allison Schmidt Note Enforcement Upon the Unwitting: The Overreaching Ability of Courts to Appoint Substitute Arbitration Forums Under the Federal Arbitration Act Zachary M. Rupiper Note Some (Don’t) Like It Hot: The Use of the “Hot Goods” Injunction in Perishable Agriculture Stephanie A. Koltookian Note Help! I Need Somebody (or Do I?): A Discussion of Community Caretaking and “Assistance Seizures” Under Iowa Law John W. Sturgis VII Note A Penny for Your Votes: Eliminating Corporate Contribution Bans and Promoting Disclosure After Citizens United Sarah G. Raaii Note How to Deal with Hornets: The Administrative Procedure Act and the Social Cost of Carbon Jay G. Stirling Note Prioritizing Failure: Using the “Rocket Docket” Phenomenon to Describe Adult Detention Emily R. Summers Note Preservation, Primacy, and Process: A More Consistent Approach to State Constitutional Interpretation in Iowa Eric M. Hartmann Note Reasonable for Whom? Developing a More Sensible Approach to the Discovery Rule in Civil Actions Based on Childhood Sexual Abuse Theodore R.A. Ovrom Note Deterring Racial Bias in Criminal Justice Through Sentencing Zane A. Umsted Note An Argument for Creating an Exception to § 547 for Payments on Intraday Overdrafts Zachary Gray Sanderson Note Keep Calm and Causation On: Reframing Causation Analysis in Private Section 1 Antitrust Actions at Summary Judgment Anne E. Hartnett Note Good TV Makes Bad Justice: How the Rules of Professional Conduct Can Protect Fair Trial Rights Joshua Irwin Note “So, What Should I Ask Him to Prove that He’s Gay?”: How Sincerity, and Not Stereotype, Should Dictate the Outcome of an LGB Asylum Claim in the United States Kimberly D. Topel Note Why the Sixth Amendment Right to Counsel Includes an Out-of-Court Interpreter Kate O. Rahel
Note Careless Conflicts: Medical Marijuana Implications for Employer Liability in the Wake of Vialpando v. Ben’s Automotive Services George Fitting
Note Looks Can Kill: The Dark Side of Indoor Tanning and What States Need to do to Help Protect Young Adults from This Deadly “Glow” Courtney M. Brokloff
Note “A Fair Day’s Pay for a Fair Day’s Work”: Why Congress Should Amend the Fair Labor Standards Act to Include an Actual Time Test for Retroactive Damages Leslie E. Barron
Note A Spoonful of Free Speech Helps the Medicine Go Down: Off-Label Speech & the First Amendment Luke Dawson
Note Autism, Burlington, and Change: Why It Is Time for a New Approach to the IDEA’s Stay-Put Provision Michael A. Brey
Note Nexus Rethought: Toward a Rational Factual Standard for Federal Criminal Forfeitures Benjamin Gillig
Note Kafkaesque Dangers: IPERIA, Do Not Pay, and the Government’s New Fight Against Improper Payments Bryan Reece Clark
Note Successful Agriculture and Clean Water?: A Workable Path Forward for Regulating Drainage Districts as Point Sources Under the Clean Water Act Eric M. Dirth
Note The Times: Are They a-Changin’? Saudi Law Finally Addresses Domestic Violence with Its Regulation on Protection from Abuse Tom Throneburg Butler
Note Whaling on Walling: A Uniform Approach to Determining Whether Interns Are “Employees” Under the Fair Labor Standards Act Cody Elyse Brookhouser
Note Legislating for a New Age in Medicine: Defining the Telemedicine Standard of Care to Improve Healthcare in IowaNew Article Bradley J. Kaspar
Note Improving Access to Commercial Websites Under the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act Courtney L. Burks
Note Legislative Plumbing: Amending Iowa’s Municipal Utility Board Statute to Include a For-Cause Removal Requirement for Utility Board Trustees Joshua D. Feil
Note Preventing a Boom from Turning Bust: Regulators Should Turn Their Attention to Starter Interrupt Devices Before the Subprime Auto Lending Bubble Bursts Kwesi D. Atta-Krah
Note Straddling the Federal–State Divide: Federal Court Review of Interstate Agency Actions Daniel E. Andersen
Note Wealth and Knowledge: Strengthening the Economy by Expanding the Qualified Purchaser "Sophisticated" Standard Under the Investment Company Act of 1940 Eveyln S. Anderson
Note Protecting the Family Jewells: The Case for Strict Enforcement of Taxpayer 23-Day Notice for IRS Administrative Summonses Jeremy E. Carroll
Note “It Will Be Good for You,” They Said: Ensuring Internships Actually Benefit the Intern and Why It Matters for FLSA and Title VII Claims Elizabeth Heffernan
Note When the Virtual and Real Worlds Collide: Beginning to Address the Clash Between Real Property Rights and Augmented Reality Location-Based Technologies Through a Federal Do-Not-Locate Registry William T. McClure
Note Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act: User Experience and User Frustration Emily M. Asp
Note The Drug Quality and Security Act: Providing Quality, but Not Security, for Patients Logan J. Eliasen
Note Putting the Hanging Paragraph Out to Pasture: Reconciling the Mandates of Bankruptcy and Tax Law Nicholas J. Huffmon
Note Establishing Principled Interpretation Standards in Iowa’s Cruel and Unusual Punishment Jurisprudence Elisabeth A. Archer
Note Scrutiny Mutiny: Why the Iowa Supreme Court Should Reject Employment Division v. Smith and Adopt a Strict Scrutiny Standard for Free-Exercise Claims Arising Under the Iowa Constitution Michael D. Currie
Note An Iowa Law in Need of Imminent Change: Redefining the Temporal Proximity of Force to Account for Victims of Intimate Partner Violence Who Kill in Non-Confrontational Self-Defense Ashley D. Brosius
Note Look to the States: How the State-Specific Interpretation Clarifies BAPCPA’s § 522 Ambiguity and Protects State Exemption Laws Kay E. Oskvig
Note The SEC on a Forum Shopping Spree: SEC Enforcement Power and Control Person Liability After Dodd–Frank Brianna L. Gates
Note “Show Me Your Budget and I Will Tell You What You Value”: Why States Should Require School Districts to Publicize Their Budgets Matthew B. Hardin
Note Japan’s “Reinterpretation” of Article 9: A Pyrrhic Victory for American Foreign Policy? Jeffrey P. Richter
Note The Forgotten Party in O’Bannon v. National Collegiate Athletic Association: How Non-Revenue Sports Operate in a Changing Intercollegiate Marketplace Dillon J. Besser
Note Fifteen Percent or Less: A Title VII Analysis of Racial Discrimination in Restaurant Tipping Jacob Kline
Note Execution by . . . Heroin?: Why States Should Challenge the FDA’s Ban on the Importation of Sodium Thiopental Matthew C. Bergs
Note Extreme Couponing: Reforming the Method of Calculating Attorneys’ Fees in Class Action Coupon Settlements Neil Connolly
Note A Forgotten Past Creates a Fractured Present: Why Courts Should Utilize Historical Context when Interpreting Ambiguous Provisions of the 1977 Fair Debt Collection Practices Act Logan Kraus
Note A New Deference Standard: The Rebuttable Presumption of Validity for USPTO Trademark Likelihood-of-Confusion Determinations Lauren A. Taylor
Note Not “All Natural”: Modernizing Privity to Allow Breach of Contract Claims for Mislabeled Food Products Cecelia MacDonald
Note Meet Me in the Middle: The Search for the Appropriate Standard of Review for the APA’s Good Cause Exception Kelli M. Golinghorst
Note An Epistemological Argument Against Federal Rule of Evidence 403’s Cumulative Evidence Clause Nathan Kooker
Note Ridesharing in the Sharing Economy: Should Regulators Impose Über Regulations on Uber? Hannah Posen
Note “Death by a Thousand Straws”: Why and How the Great Lakes Council Should Define “Reasonable Water Supply Alternative” Within the Great Lakes Compact Amanda K. Beggs
Note From Off the Bench: The Potential Role of the U.S. Department of Education in Reforming Due Process in the NCAA Joshua J. Despain
Note Please Pass the Dictionary: Defining De Minimis Physical Injury Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act § 1997e(e) Elizabeth A. Etchells
Note The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act Takes the Bite Out of Sarbanes–Oxley: Adding Corporate Governance to the Discussion Stacie K. Townsend
Note Just Take My Word for It: Creating a Workable Test to Ensure Reliability in Overseas Document Verification Reports for Asylum Proceedings Emily Michele Papp
Note Drafting Effective Delaware Forum-Selection Clauses in the Shadow of Enforcement Uncertainty John C. Jorgenson
Note Rape-Shield Laws and Third-Party Defendants: Where Iowa’s Laws Fall Short in Protecting Victims Jessica M. Donels
Note The Importance of Specialist Medical Consultants in the SSA Disability Determination Process: Analysis and Proposals Clare J. Horan
Note Plain Error by Another Name: Are Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Claims a Suitable Alternative to Plain Error Review in Iowa? Jon M. Woodruff
Note Foregoing the Cleaver for the Scalpel: How New York Can Add Some Nuance to Its Short-Term Rental Laws J.T. Minor
Note Restoring Equilibrium: Why Twombly and Iqbal Should Apply to All Pleadings in Patent Cases Sarah E. Jack
Note The National Historic Preservation Act: An Inadequate Attempt to Protect the Cultural and Religious Sites of Native Nations Amanda M. Marincic
Note Pulling over the United States Sentencing Guidelines: Defining “Arrest” Under Section 4A1.2(a)(2) John A. Richter
Note Devising a Standard for Section 3: Post-Shelby County Voting Rights Litigation Roseann R. Romano
Note Time for a Fresh Look at the “Undue Hardship” Bankruptcy Standard for Student Debtors G. Michael Bedinger VI
Note From the Police Precinct to Your Neighbor’s Coffee Table: Limiting Public Dissemination of Mug Shots During an Ongoing Criminal Proceeding Under the Freedom of Information Act Whitney T. Martin
Note The Need for “Knowing”: Why the Iowa Supreme Court Should Reject Schneckloth v. Bustamonte Alexandra L. Pratt
Note Don’t Die in Iowa: Restoring Iowans’ Right to Direct Final Disposition of Their Bodily Remains Timothy J. Farmer
Note Under the Guise of Reform: How Marijuana Possession Is Exposing the Flaws in the Criminal Justice System’s Guarantee of a Right to a Jury Trial Taylor E. Whitten
Note An Analysis of Facebook “Likes” and Other Nonverbal Internet Communication Under the Federal Rules of Evidence Molly D. McPartland
Note The Case for Deferring to the EEOC’s Interpretations in Macy and Foxx to Classify LGBT Discrimination as Sex Discrimination Under Title VII Tessa M. Register
Note Pre-Submission Risk Adjustment Audits: Preventing Medicare Advantage Plans from Draining Medicare Funds Dry Casie C. Rodenberger
Note Form Over Function: Remedying VARA’s Exclusion of Visual Art with Functional Qualities Brandon J. Pakkebier
Note Abuse of Discretion and the Sliding Scale of Deference: Restoring the Balance of Power Between Circuit Courts and District Courts for Rule 23 Class Certification Decisions in Oil and Gas Royalty Litigation David C. Miller
Note The Old Man and Rule 8.4(c): A Proposal for the Adoption of Maryland’s Misappropriation Rule in Iowa Allison Schmidt
Note Enforcement Upon the Unwitting: The Overreaching Ability of Courts to Appoint Substitute Arbitration Forums Under the Federal Arbitration Act Zachary M. Rupiper
Note Some (Don’t) Like It Hot: The Use of the “Hot Goods” Injunction in Perishable Agriculture Stephanie A. Koltookian
Note Help! I Need Somebody (or Do I?): A Discussion of Community Caretaking and “Assistance Seizures” Under Iowa Law John W. Sturgis VII
Note A Penny for Your Votes: Eliminating Corporate Contribution Bans and Promoting Disclosure After Citizens United Sarah G. Raaii
Note How to Deal with Hornets: The Administrative Procedure Act and the Social Cost of Carbon Jay G. Stirling
Note Prioritizing Failure: Using the “Rocket Docket” Phenomenon to Describe Adult Detention Emily R. Summers
Note Preservation, Primacy, and Process: A More Consistent Approach to State Constitutional Interpretation in Iowa Eric M. Hartmann
Note Reasonable for Whom? Developing a More Sensible Approach to the Discovery Rule in Civil Actions Based on Childhood Sexual Abuse Theodore R.A. Ovrom
Note An Argument for Creating an Exception to § 547 for Payments on Intraday Overdrafts Zachary Gray Sanderson
Note Keep Calm and Causation On: Reframing Causation Analysis in Private Section 1 Antitrust Actions at Summary Judgment Anne E. Hartnett
Note Good TV Makes Bad Justice: How the Rules of Professional Conduct Can Protect Fair Trial Rights Joshua Irwin
Note “So, What Should I Ask Him to Prove that He’s Gay?”: How Sincerity, and Not Stereotype, Should Dictate the Outcome of an LGB Asylum Claim in the United States Kimberly D. Topel
